Lebanese amber is fossil resin recovered from a series of Lower Cretaceous deposits in Lebanon, dated to approximately 125-130 million years ago. It is the oldest amber known to contain abundant arthropod inclusions and is, for that reason, of exceptional importance to palaeontology, although it is not a major commercial gem material in the conventional sense. Most of the recovered material is held in scientific collections rather than circulated through the gem trade.

The principal deposits are in the Jezzine, Hammana and Mdeirij districts of the Mount Lebanon range, where the amber occurs as small nodules and stringers in clay-rich strata associated with coal lenses. The pieces recovered are generally small (rarely exceeding a few centimetres on a side) and brittle, with a deep yellow to red-brown colour and frequent oxidation crusts on the surface. The brittleness and the small size limit jewellery application; what cabochon-grade material is fashioned tends to be set in protective bezels and treated as collector pieces rather than as commercial jewellery.

The scientific importance of Lebanese amber lies in its inclusion record. Because the amber predates the radiation of flowering plants and the diversification of many modern insect orders, it preserves arthropod assemblages that document evolutionary stages otherwise inaccessible from body fossils. Reported inclusions include early ants, primitive wasps, bristletails, mites, springtails, and rare vertebrate-associated material. The Lebanese material has been studied since the nineteenth century but most intensively since the 1990s, in particular by groups associated with the American Museum of Natural History, the Natural History Museum in London, and Lebanese university teams.

For the gem trade the practical relevance is principally cautionary: pieces of Lebanese amber that appear on the market are likely to be of greater value to a museum or collector than to a jewellery buyer, and provenance documentation matters because of antiquities and export-control rules in Lebanon and in destination jurisdictions.