Pearl

Pearls are unique among gems because they are produced organically by living molluscs. When an irritant enters the shell, the mollusc secretes concentric layers of nacre - a combination of crystalline aragonite and an organic binder called conchiolin - around it. The optical effect known as orient is produced by light refracting through these microscopic overlapping platelets. The modern market is dominated by cultured pearls, in which human intervention initiates the growth process. Notable varieties include the classic Japanese Akoya, South Sea pearls (known for their large size), and the black and grey pearls produced by Pinctada margaritifera in Tahiti and French Polynesia.

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